[Open Science] captures a systemic change to the way science and research have been carried out for the last fifty years: shifting from the standard practices of publishing research results in scientific publications towards sharing and using all available knowledge at an earlier stage in the research process. Open Science is to science what Web 2.0 was to social and economic transactions: allowing end users to be producers of ideas, relations and services and in doing so enabling new working models, new social relationships and leading to a new modus operandi for science. Open Science is as important and disruptive a shift as e-commerce has been for retail. Just like e-commerce, it affects the whole ‘business cycle’ of doing science and research – from the selection of research subjects, to the carrying out of research and to its use and re-use – as well as all the actors and actions involved up front (e.g. universities) or down the line (e.g. publishers).
Source: European Commission. Open innovation, open science, open to the world. A vision for Europe 2016): https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/3213b335-1cbc-11e6-ba9a-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
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